How to find suppliers beyond Alibaba: Online, Offline, and Thinking outside the box

Gary Huang is an American based in Shanghai, China and working in sourcing since 2008. He is the creator of 80/20 Sourcing which helps online sellers and small business importers quickly and efficiently source from suppliers in China. Gary also serves as the Co-Chair of the American Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai’s Supply Chain Committee. You may contact him here. This post was originally published in three parts on 80/20 Sourcing: part one “Yellow Pages”, part two “Sourcing for Sample Orders”, and part three “Sourcing : online, offline, and thinking outside the box”.  

 

iStock_000001814881_phone booksThink of Alibaba as the “Yellow Pages”

When you think of sourcing from China what’s the first thing that comes to mind?  Hopping on a plane and flying to Guangzhou to find a factory?  No, you go on Alibaba!  But can you really find the right supplier for you on Alibaba without getting scammed?  Or getting the wrong product?  Or deliveries getting delayed? Or getting shipped a container full of dirt?  You’ve heard the horror stories.

If you learn nothing else from this article, here’s the takeaway – Alibaba is an online directory just like the “yellow pages“.  In other words, it’s a listing of suppliers and you shouldn’t trust Alibaba to vet them for you.  Just like the yellow pages a supplier can pay for a bigger and nicer-looking ad.  This is exactly what “gold suppliers” are.  Alibaba does verify supplier information to a certain extent, but don’t naively believe that the “gold supplier” badge means they are a good supplier.  Many of them are in fact trading companies and middlemen and things can go wrong.

In my experience working with Chinese suppliers, I don’t trust anyone unless they prove themselves to me.  I’m not saying all suppliers are evil.  But they need to earn your trust through their actions.  Many suppliers with good intentions may have poor communication skills, misaligned quality expectations, dysfunctional teams, and other problems.  Having said that, there are the bad apples and I will share with you the common “dirty tricks” they play and what to look out for.  Think “guilty until proven innocent.”

On the other hand, if you are a multinational corporation like a Walmart, Target, or Carrefour you will have an entire supply chain department and sourcing team to vet suppliers and do the proper due diligence.  They may use Alibaba as part of their sourcing strategy but it definitely will not be the only method.

I’d like to show you ways to find suppliers beyond Alibaba to help grow your business. Here’s why:
1) Quality – Alibaba has a broad range of suppliers but there are a lot of middlemen, trading companies, and bad apples.  So you really have to sift through the mess to find the good ones.

2) Many quality suppliers are NOT on Alibaba – Do you honestly think that all Chinese suppliers are on Alibaba?  FALSE.  In fact, I have worked with numerous reliable suppliers who purposely choose NOT to be on Alibaba.  If you rely only on Alibaba then you will never find them.

You may be thinking why aren’t they on Alibaba – isn’t this the #1 marketplace?  True but the same low quality standard that you associate with suppliers on Alibaba, they associate with you the BUYER!  In fact it’s become so common and easy to use that there there are tons of looky-loos who “spray and pray”.  They blindly post requests for quotations (RFQs) to dozens if not hundreds of suppliers at once with no serious intention to buy.  They are just shopping around.  If you are the supplier, would you want to waste your time on them?  Of course not.  So many quality suppliers who want to deal with serious buyers do not bother with Alibaba.  There are other reasons as well such as language barriers, lack of resources, and different priorities but you get the picture.  Good luck trying to find Apple’s contract manufacturer Foxconn on Alibaba. Do you really believe XYZ trading company is selling real iPhone LCD screens? Get real!

Do you really believe XYZ trading company is selling authentic Iphone LCD screens? Do you really believe XYZ trading company is selling real iPhone LCD screens? Get real!

3) Diversification – Your competitors are sourcing from Alibaba.  If you are sourcing from the same supplier how will you differentiate yourself?  Price?  I don’t know about you but anytime there is a price war I find it’s a race to bottom and there’s no money to be made.  The smart ones will find unique suppliers which deliver differentiated products at competitive prices.  So I will show you ways to find suppliers beyond Alibaba to differentiate your products from your competitors.

But before we dive into online sourcing, first you need to identify what type of supplier you’re looking for.  It’s like in dating – a gold digger (big supplier) isn’t gonna waste her time going out with a bootstrapped entrepreneur (testing the waters as a small volume buyer), get it?  You have to find a supplier that is right for your needs so we will be discussing Aliexpress and DHgate for small volume orders.

Before we do that, you need to identify your needs first: what kind of product you’re looking for, how much do you need to start off and in the future if your business explodes, your budget, and your timeline.  If a supplier makes the right product but has a minimum order quantity of 1,000pcs and you only need 5pcs, then obviously this is not going to work.

Gold diggers (large suppliers) don't want to deal with small volume buyers. Find the right fit using Aliexpress and DHgate to test the waters Gold diggers (large suppliers) don’t want to deal with small volume buyers. Find the right match using Aliexpress and DHgate to test the waters

 

Best practice: I know it doesn’t sound sexy and you want to go straight in, but doing a little work upfront will save you a lot of time and headaches in the future. First put together a request for quotation (RFQ) and then select the right platforms to connect to the suppliers in your ballpark. If you have questions about RFQs, please leave them in the comments below.

Small volume orders

You might be thinking: why are these suppliers offering such low quantities?  It could be several reasons.  The factory could have leftover inventory from a previous order they want to liquidate.  Or they could have an order cancellation because of product quality problems or defects. Another possibility is they could be middlemen.

In any case if you’d like to start small to test the waters then try Aliexpress or DHgate.  Minimum order quantities (MOQs) can be as low as 1 piece.   In this case middlemen can actually work in your favor because they can offer lower MOQs than ordering from direct manufacturers.  Some suppliers offer free shipping as well so it’s relatively easy.

On the hand expect to pay a higher price, normally at least 30% more than ordering direct from a factory.  Prepare for a long wait because free shipping is normally by China Post and may take upwards of 30 days.  Also beware quality problems because there is a risk they are defective items.

Best practice: Instead of asking for a sample (not worth the cost for such a small order), ask for a photo of the actual product and packaging before placing a sample order so you can “see” if there are any problems.  Also ask if these products have any defects.  They may or may not tell you but it doesn’t hurt to ask!  If there are defects then try to negotiate a discount.

Aliexpress 

Aliexpress Grill Gloves SS Grill gloves for sale on Aliexpress – MOQ is only 1 piece, but not cheap!

Think of this as an eBay with sellers from China shipping to buyers around the world.  They sell individual items and small wholesale lots.  This is good if you want to test the waters with a small order or to sell locally (e.g. Craigslist, swap meet, bricks and mortar store, etc).  I know some people who buy off Aliexpress to use for themselves as well.

Aliexpress if fine if you volume is small and if you’re just starting out.  I don’t recommend it if you want to build a scalable business because you likely are not dealing with the direct manufacturer but with a middle man who will not reveal the factory to you.  This means you won’t get the best price.  Another major disadvantage is that you are not building a relationship with the supplier.  This relationship is critical if you want to build a sustainable business.

Just as in dating as you get to know each other better you grow together to find out their strengths, weaknesses, likes and dislikes to find out if you’re compatible.  Similarly as you grow your business with the supplier you want to decide if you will invest in a long term relationship where you be able to negotiate lower pricing, better payment terms, smoother communication, etc.  In good scenarios you will continue dating.  In bad situations, such as poor quality products, missed deliveries, miscommunication, etc you can drop them.

Pros:

  • Find same products offered on Alibaba
  • Lower MOQs
  • Escrow service for added protection (but you will pay a few % more)

Cons:

  • Higher prices (at least 25% more)
  • Dealing with middlemen – higher prices, hidden factory, risk of disappearing overnight
  • Difficult to establish long term relationship with direct manufacturer
  • Beware defective and counterfeit products

DHgate

DHGate Grill gloves SS Grill gloves for sale on DHgate. MOQ only 1pc, but not cheap!

DHgate is another online directory of suppliers that target small volume buyers.  The main advantage again is lower MOQs – as low as 1pc.  Users report that there are a larger variety of products on DHgate it can be a good resource to complement Aliexpress or for certain niche items.  They also offer an escrow service to protect you but this will cost you a few extra % points on top of the quotation.  Or it will already be embedded in the quotation.  This is common practice in China.

Pros

Cons

  • Higher prices (at least 25% more)
  • Dealing with middlemen – higher prices, hidden factory, risk of disappearing overnight
  • Difficult to establish long term relationship with direct manufacturer
  • Beware defective and counterfeit products

There are a few more minor players who I will not get into because I believe you can find 80% of the Chinese small volume sellers using just these two platforms mentioned above.  80/20 rule!

So by now, you have validated your product and you’re ready to move on to larger orders. At this phase, the right suppliers can found online, offline, and what I like to call “thinking outside the box.” Let’s take a closer look.

By the way this post is part of a series called: “How to find suppliers beyond Alibaba” (part one and part two).

Online:

 

Alibaba

Alibaba campus

Everyone knows Alibaba is the 800 pound gorilla in the room.  They have a celebrity CEO in Jack Ma who’s one of the richest men in the world.  They have millions of suppliers and products listed and they have a huge campus in Hangzhou that rivals the Google campus in Silicon Valley.

But all is not perfect in the land of Alibaba.  Not only do they face a problem with the overall quality of their suppliers, but also in the quality of the Alibaba users.  Alibaba has gotten too popular for its own good and suppliers know this.  Many users are “newbies” who don’t have any prior experience.  They are getting their feet wet with Alibaba.  Many better suppliers are well aware of this and have told me they purposely avoid Alibaba.

Also it’s widely known that Alibaba is filled with middlemen or sourcing “agents”.  Best case scenario they may be able to get you the product you want at a slightly higher price which includes their margin.  But how can you trust them? Beware scammers which I’ve written about here.  And when the rubber hits the road and problems come up, who’s side they will take?

Dirty secret: How do you know your sourcing agent is not taking a kickback from the supplier?  This is common practice in China.  If a problem arises, many middlemen may take the side of the factory whom they may have a stronger relationship with.

Having said that it makes sense to look beyond Alibaba when sourcing product from China.

Global Sources

Global Sources homepage

 

Global Sources has over 45 years experience in international trade.  It was established in 1970 by Merle A. Hinrichs and C. Joseph Bendy.  They started as a media company with a print catalog of Asian suppliers.  Later they evolved and began organizing trade shows in Asia.  Their online directory began in 2003.

They offer an online directory of suppliers similar to Alibaba.  They are strong in mobile electronics, fashion and accessories, as well as home and gift items.  These suppliers tend to have more experience with the export market.

In addition, they have an offline component which Alibaba does not have.  First they organize trade shows held in the Spring and Fall mainly in Hong Kong.  These trade fairs are an excellent opportunity to meet suppliers to build relationships and touch and feel their products which I will discuss in further detail later.

What’s the difference between Alibaba and Global Sources?  Overall I feel the quality of suppliers on Global Sources is higher than those on Alibaba.  They also tend to have more experience in the export market which is a good thing for you because they’re more likely to understand your needs.  Also you tend to find less suspicious factories than on Alibaba.  In fact, many big-box stores use Global Sources as part of their sourcing strategy.

But on the other, these suppliers expect more also.  Normally they will ask about your company background and your purchase volumes.  It’s only fair that they want to see if you are a right fit for them.  So sourcing from Global Sources may take more initial work to build trust and get thorough replies from suppliers.

The fact that many suppliers listed in Global Sources’ online directory also exhibit at their offline fairs adds to their credibility. More specifically given they are willing to invest time and money into buying booth spaces and exhibiting at the fairs, they have more skin in the game than a purely online middleman who can disappear overnight.

This is not to say there are no trading companies on Global Sources.  In fact there are middlemen and trading companies on Global Sources, but they tend to identify themselves this way so it feels more transparent than on Alibaba.

This leads to another difference.  Global Sources’ international roots creates a better user experience for buyers in my opinion.  Global Sources was founded by an American and has a broader pan-Asia focus.  On the other hand, I find that Alibaba’s business culture and focus is more China-centric.  Moreover the user experience not as friendly and intuitive.

In summary:

Global Sources Pros

  • Arguably higher quality suppliers than Alibaba and less hidden middlemen
  • Strong in mobile electronics, fashion accessories, and home and gift items
  • Offline trade shows are an excellent way to meet face to face with suppliers to build trust, get immediate feedback, negotiate better pricing, and terms. Also you may find items which are not publicly available.
  • Private offline matchmaking events for established buyers

Cons

  • Smaller selection of suppliers than Alibaba
  • Requires more work to get quotations – must prove yourself to pickier suppliers

Made in China, and others

After Alibaba and Global Sources there is a big drop-off in quality and selection.  When applying the 80/20 role, don’t bother with these other online platforms when most of these suppliers can be found on Alibaba and Global Sources.

Offline:

Trade Shows

In China “guan xi” still rules despite the age of the internet, smartphones, and social media.  Chinese culture is deeply rooted in relationships.  Friendly relations and referrals will give one an advantage. Applying this to sourcing, many times simply showing up in person will earn “brownie points” in the relationship.  This is especially true as they learn more about you the person, your country, your business and how you can help open up new markets for them. This can motivate them to come closer to your target price and offer flexibility in payment terms, packaging, product modifications, and more. This is why it’s so important to meet face to face and trade shows are a great way to meet many suppliers quickly.

Best Practice: In China businesses are very hierarchical.  In fact it is a dictatorship where the owner will make all the major decisions.  If they like you and are convinced that you can bring large sales or open up a lucrative new market then they will find a way to get things done.  This is why when meeting in person you should always meet the most senior person.  They normally are the oldest but with two exceptions.  First, the oldest may be an engineer and not a decision maker so he should not be your target to schmooze.  Second nowadays many 1st generation owners are passing their business to their children.  In China there is a term called ???”Fu Er Dai” which means “2nd generation wealthy.”  So a brash millennial dressed in designer clothes can in fact be the one who calls the shots and get your order through if you can prove yourself.

Trade shows are also a great opportunity to find new products.  Many suppliers will not reveal all of their products especially the new products online to protect themselves from their competition.  However if you meet with suppliers face-to-face and can prove yourself to be a trustworthy buyer then they are willing to open up the kimono.

For example I have found that suppliers with innovative new products explicitly will NOT show them at their booth to the general public and their competitors.  So they will rent a hotel room close to the fair as a private showroom.  Do you think they are foolish enough to show their cutting edge items at the fair and risk being copied by their competitors next door?  In China, there is an expression: “Quick to copy, quick to market“.  This is why often times the best products are behind closed doors.  You will not find them online unless you have built a strong relationship with the supplier.  This definitely will separate you from your competitors.

There are numerous types of trade shows and I will focus on three: General trade shows with a broad selection of products, Industry specific fairs that target a specific industry (for example electronics), and Regional marketplaces which highlight suppliers nearby.  Which one is best for you?  It depends on your needs.

General trade shows

General trade shows include the famous Canton Fair and Global Sources Home and Gift Show.  These are good if you don’t have a specific product or category in mind and are open to new product ideas.  Also this is a good way to identify new trends.

The disadvantages include being unfocused and risk of wasting time wandering around.  The Canton fair is HUGE and you can easily spend several days if not a week walking around the place.  Moreover there is a broad range of quality, prices, middlemen (agents), and even scammers there so buyer beware.

Best Practice: The Canton Fair runs in three phases.  It pays to do your homework to find out which phase has the products that you want.  You don’t want to be looking for electronics only to visit during the food portion of the fair.

Industry specific fairs

For a more targeted approach, there are numerous industry-specific trade fairs including HKTDC, Global Sources, MAGIC for fashion, CES for electronics, Intersolar for solar, Automechanika for automobiles and parts, and the list goes on. This can be a quick way to meet many relevant suppliers.  Also by meeting face to face with suppliers you can gauge new trends, products, and pricing all in one visit.

Note however that these fairs typically meet once or twice a year so you must plan ahead.  In tremors of costs, it may not be cheap when you consider hotel, airfare, ground transportation, visa, entertainment, etc depending specific locations.

Regional trade shows

Two of the most famous regional trade shows are the Yiwu marketplace and Shenzhen electronics market (Hua Qiang Bei).  They are a good way to get a quick feel for products that are made locally.  Another good thing about these marketplaces is that they are open to the public.  This means you can walk around and touch and feel the products.  It’s a great way to identify products you may have overlooked online.  Moreover you can buy as little or as much as you’d like.  Keep in mind however that most of these vendors are middlemen.

Best practice: Plan ahead. Most these fairs offer online registration so book ahead to save time.  The lines at the registration desk can get long so if you pre-register you can move to the front of the line to get your badge immediately to get a head start on your day.

Also it’s a good idea to review the show directory before you arrive. The fairgrounds are HUGE and it’s easy to get lost so I always jot down the booth numbers of the suppliers I want to visit and then use that as a guide to plan my attack. Here are some links to get you started.

Global Sources – Their trade shows focus on Electronics, Home and Gift, Fashion related products and are mainly based in Hong Kong.

HKTDC – Hong Kong Trade Development Council offers many industry specific trade shows based in Hong Kong.

Canton Fair – The granddaddy of the them all.  Among the sourcing community the consensus is that Canton Fair is “dying”.  Though overall fair attendance is declining it may still be useful for some. This is held in South China twice a year in the spring and fall.

Another way to find relevant trade shows is to ask your suppliers where they are going.  This is a great way not only to meet them in person while saving a trip to the factory but also to find additional suppliers.  As the saying goes “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket”.  If one supplier falls through you need a plan B and attending trade fairs and getting their contact information is a great way to do this.

Factory Visits

Factory visits are among the best ways to vet a supplier by taking a peek behind the kimono.  Taking a trip to the factory allows you to see their facilities, workers, equipment, and production line, as well as sit down with management and sell them about your business.  But of course this takes more time and money.  It’s beyond the scope of this article but you’re interested in learning more, please comment below or contact me for more information.

Thinking outside the box:

 

Referrals 

Just like doing business anywhere, referrals can be a powerful tool when finding suppliers.  Through friends, business acquaintances, or online platforms and social media you may be able to find hidden gems.  One of the ways is to ask suppliers you are working with Also because of the “guan xi” effect there is “face” involved which creates a greater incentive to make it work and not screw around.  In other words the stronger the family tie or friendship, the more social capital at stake to make it happen.

On the other hand, the referral may not be based on objective criteria or measurable benchmarks so you still have to do you homework.  Also beware hidden markups because everyone needs to be taken care of.

Matchmaking events 

As your purchase volumes grow, consider using matchmaking services that online sourcing platforms and offline trade shows may offer.

For more established buyers, Global Sources offers a private offline matchmaking events where they will organize meetings with suppliers that are matched according to your buying requests. This is a great way to save time and meet many suppliers quickly.  In fact Global Sources will be doing most of the pre-work setting up the meetings. While you have still have to do you due diligence after meeting them, I found this saves me time in quickly meeting many targeted suppliers.

On the other hand, do you trust their ability to find the right supplier for you?  Moreover their scope is limited to their one platform.  And finally, this service may not be available to everyone.

Sourcing agents and trading companies

Depending on your needs and budget, it may make sense to outsource this work to professionals.  This will save you time and headaches so you can focus on your strengths to grow your business.

Generally speaking sourcing agents and trading companies have advantages in that they can find better suppliers through their networks, pick up on red flags faster, can optimize logistics to save you time and money, and may be able to negotiate better pricing and terms with factories.

On the other hand, there are good ones and bad ones so you have to find the right one for you.  And this service will result in additional costs.

In summary, sourcing is not a one trick pony.  Alibaba may not have the best suppliers for your needs so it makes sense to plan a three-pronged attack: online, offline, and thinking outside the box.  Depending on your needs you should do an “80/20” to find the right formula on which channels to focus on for your sourcing. Hope this was helpful. Please signup for my newsletter for a “deeper dive” into these topics.  Good luck!

How to find suppliers beyond Alibaba Part THREE: Online, Offline, and Thinking outside the box

So by now, you have validated your product and you’re ready to move on to larger orders. At this phase, the right suppliers can found online, offline, and what I like to call “thinking outside the box.” Let’s take a closer look.

By the way this post is part of a series called: “How to find suppliers beyond Alibaba” (part one and part two).

Online:

Alibaba

Alibaba campus

Everyone knows Alibaba is the 800 pound gorilla in the room.  They have a celebrity CEO in Jack Ma who’s one of the richest men in the world.  They have millions of suppliers and products listed and they have a huge campus in Hangzhou that rivals the Google campus in Silicon Valley.

But all is not perfect in the land of Alibaba.  Not only do they face a problem with the overall quality of their suppliers, but also in the quality of the Alibaba users.  Alibaba has gotten too popular for its own good and suppliers know this.  Many users are “newbies” who don’t have any prior experience.  They are getting their feet wet with Alibaba.  Many better suppliers are well aware of this and have told me they purposely avoid Alibaba.

Also it’s widely known that Alibaba is filled with middlemen or sourcing “agents”.  Best case scenario they may be able to get you the product you want at a slightly higher price which includes their margin.  But how can you trust them? Beware scammers which I’ve written about here.  And when the rubber hits the road and problems come up, who’s side they will take?

Dirty secret: How do you know your sourcing agent is not taking a kickback from the supplier?  This is common practice in China.  If a problem arises, many middlemen may take the side of the factory whom they may have a stronger relationship with.

Having said that it makes sense to look beyond Alibaba when sourcing product from China.

Global Sources

Global Sources homepage

 

Global Sources has over 45 years experience in international trade.  It was established in 1970 by Merle A. Hinrichs and C. Joseph Bendy.  They started as a media company with a print catalog of Asian suppliers.  Later they evolved and began organizing trade shows in Asia.  Their online directory began in 2003.

They offer an online directory of suppliers similar to Alibaba.  They are strong in mobile electronics, fashion and accessories, as well as home and gift items.  These suppliers tend to have more experience with the export market.

In addition, they have an offline component which Alibaba does not have.  First they organize trade shows held in the Spring and Fall mainly in Hong Kong.  These trade fairs are an excellent opportunity to meet suppliers to build relationships and touch and feel their products which I will discuss in further detail later.

What’s the difference between Alibaba and Global Sources?  Overall I feel the quality of suppliers on Global Sources is higher than those on Alibaba.  They also tend to have more experience in the export market which is a good thing for you because they’re more likely to understand your needs.  Also you tend to find less suspicious factories than on Alibaba.  In fact, many big-box stores use Global Sources as part of their sourcing strategy.

But on the other, these suppliers expect more also.  Normally they will ask about your company background and your purchase volumes.  It’s only fair that they want to see if you are a right fit for them.  So sourcing from Global Sources may take more initial work to build trust and get thorough replies from suppliers.

The fact that many suppliers listed in Global Sources’ online directory also exhibit at their offline fairs adds to their credibility. More specifically given they are willing to invest time and money into buying booth spaces and exhibiting at the fairs, they have more skin in the game than a purely online middleman who can disappear overnight.

This is not to say there are no trading companies on Global Sources.  In fact there are middlemen and trading companies on Global Sources, but they tend to identify themselves this way so it feels more transparent than on Alibaba.

This leads to another difference.  Global Sources’ international roots creates a better user experience for buyers in my opinion.  Global Sources was founded by an American and has a broader pan-Asia focus.  On the other hand, I find that Alibaba’s business culture and focus is more China-centric.  Moreover the user experience not as friendly and intuitive.

In summary:

Global Sources Pros

  • Arguably higher quality suppliers than Alibaba and less hidden middlemen
  • Strong in mobile electronics, fashion accessories, and home and gift items
  • Offline trade shows are an excellent way to meet face to face with suppliers to build trust, get immediate feedback, negotiate better pricing, and terms. Also you may find items which are not publicly available.
  • Private offline matchmaking events for established buyers

Cons

  • Smaller selection of suppliers than Alibaba
  • Requires more work to get quotations – must prove yourself to pickier suppliers

Made in China, and others

After Alibaba and Global Sources there is a big drop-off in quality and selection.  When applying the 80/20 role, don’t bother with these other online platforms when most of these suppliers can be found on Alibaba and Global Sources.

Offline:

Trade Shows

In China “guan xi” still rules despite the age of the internet, smartphones, and social media.  Chinese culture is deeply rooted in relationships.  Friendly relations and referrals will give one an advantage. Applying this to sourcing, many times simply showing up in person will earn “brownie points” in the relationship.  This is especially true as they learn more about you the person, your country, your business and how you can help open up new markets for them. This can motivate them to come closer to your target price and offer flexibility in payment terms, packaging, product modifications, and more. This is why it’s so important to meet face to face and trade shows are a great way to meet many suppliers quickly.

Best Practice: In China businesses are very hierarchical.  In fact it is a dictatorship where the owner will make all the major decisions.  If they like you and are convinced that you can bring large sales or open up a lucrative new market then they will find a way to get things done.  This is why when meeting in person you should always meet the most senior person.  They normally are the oldest but with two exceptions.  First, the oldest may be an engineer and not a decision maker so he should not be your target to schmooze.  Second nowadays many 1st generation owners are passing their business to their children.  In China there is a term called 富二代”Fu Er Dai” which means “2nd generation wealthy.”  So a brash millennial dressed in designer clothes can in fact be the one who calls the shots and get your order through if you can prove yourself.

Trade shows are also a great opportunity to find new products.  Many suppliers will not reveal all of their products especially the new products online to protect themselves from their competition.  However if you meet with suppliers face-to-face and can prove yourself to be a trustworthy buyer then they are willing to open up the kimono.

For example I have found that suppliers with innovative new products explicitly will NOT show them at their booth to the general public and their competitors.  So they will rent a hotel room close to the fair as a private showroom.  Do you think they are foolish enough to show their cutting edge items at the fair and risk being copied by their competitors next door?  In China, there is an expression: “Quick to copy, quick to market“.  This is why often times the best products are behind closed doors.  You will not find them online unless you have built a strong relationship with the supplier.  This definitely will separate you from your competitors.

There are numerous types of trade shows and I will focus on three: General trade shows with a broad selection of products, Industry specific fairs that target a specific industry (for example electronics), and Regional marketplaces which highlight suppliers nearby.  Which one is best for you?  It depends on your needs.

General trade shows

General trade shows include the famous Canton Fair and Global Sources Home and Gift Show.  These are good if you don’t have a specific product or category in mind and are open to new product ideas.  Also this is a good way to identify new trends.

The disadvantages include being unfocused and risk of wasting time wandering around.  The Canton fair is HUGE and you can easily spend several days if not a week walking around the place.  Moreover there is a broad range of quality, prices, middlemen (agents), and even scammers there so buyer beware.

Best Practice: The Canton Fair runs in three phases.  It pays to do your homework to find out which phase has the products that you want.  You don’t want to be looking for electronics only to visit during the food portion of the fair.

Industry specific fairs

For a more targeted approach, there are numerous industry-specific trade fairs including HKTDC, Global Sources, MAGIC for fashion, CES for electronics, Intersolar for solar, Automechanika for automobiles and parts, and the list goes on. This can be a quick way to meet many relevant suppliers.  Also by meeting face to face with suppliers you can gauge new trends, products, and pricing all in one visit.

Note however that these fairs typically meet once or twice a year so you must plan ahead.  In tremors of costs, it may not be cheap when you consider hotel, airfare, ground transportation, visa, entertainment, etc depending specific locations.

Regional trade shows

Two of the most famous regional trade shows are the Yiwu marketplace and Shenzhen electronics market (Hua Qiang Bei).  They are a good way to get a quick feel for products that are made locally.  Another good thing about these marketplaces is that they are open to the public.  This means you can walk around and touch and feel the products.  It’s a great way to identify products you may have overlooked online.  Moreover you can buy as little or as much as you’d like.  Keep in mind however that most of these vendors are middlemen.

Best practice: Plan ahead

Most these fairs offer online registration so book ahead to save time.  The lines at the registration desk can get long so if you pre-register you can move to the front of the line to get your badge immediately to get a head start on your day.

Also it’s a good idea to review the show directory before you arrive. The fairgrounds are HUGE and it’s easy to get lost so I always jot down the booth numbers of the suppliers I want to visit and then use that as a guide to plan my attack. Here are some links to get you started.

Global Sources – Their trade shows focus on Electronics, Home and Gift, Fashion related products. Mainly based in Hong Kong but also have events in Taiwan, Korea, Japan, South Africa, and the US.Â

HKTDC – Hong Kong Trade Development Council offers many industry specific trade shows based in Hong Kong.

Canton Fair – The granddaddy of the them all.  Among the sourcing community the consensus is that Canton Fair is “dying”.  Though overall fair attendance is declining it may still be useful for some. This is held in South China twice a year in the spring and fall.

Another way to find relevant trade shows is to ask your suppliers where they are going.  This is a great way not only to meet them in person while saving a trip to the factory but also to find additional suppliers.  As the saying goes “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket”.  If one supplier falls through you need a plan B and attending trade fairs and getting their contact information is a great way to do this.

Factory Visits

Factory visits are among the best ways to vet a supplier by taking a peek behind the kimono.  Taking a trip to the factory allows you to see their facilities, workers, equipment, and production line, as well as sit down with management and sell them about your business.  But of course this takes more time and money.  It’s beyond the scope of this article but you’re interested in learning more, please comment below or contact me for more information.

Thinking outside the box:

Referrals 

Just like doing business anywhere, referrals can be a powerful tool when finding suppliers.  Through friends, business acquaintances, or online platforms and social media you may be able to find hidden gems.  One of the ways is to ask suppliers you are working with Also because of the “guan xi” effect there is “face” involved which creates a greater incentive to make it work and not screw around.  In other words the stronger the family tie or friendship, the more social capital at stake to make it happen.

On the other hand, the referral may not be based on objective criteria or measurable benchmarks so you still have to do you homework.  Also beware hidden markups because everyone needs to be taken care of.

Matchmaking events 

As your purchase volumes grow, consider using matchmaking services that online sourcing platforms and offline trade shows may offer.

For more established buyers, Global Sources offers a private offline matchmaking events where they will organize meetings with suppliers that are matched according to your buying requests. This is a great way to save time and meet many suppliers quickly.  In fact Global Sources will be doing most of the pre-work setting up the meetings. While you have still have to do you due diligence after meeting them, I found this saves me time in quickly meeting many targeted suppliers.

On the other hand, do you trust their ability to find the right supplier for you?  Moreover their scope is limited to their one platform.  And finally, this service may not be available to everyone.

Sourcing agents and trading companies

Depending on your needs and budget, it may make sense to outsource this work to professionals.  This will save you time and headaches so you can focus on your strengths to grow your business.

Generally speaking sourcing agents and trading companies have advantages in that they can find better suppliers through their networks, pick up on red flags faster, can optimize logistics to save you time and money, and may be able to negotiate better pricing and terms with factories.

On the other hand, there are good ones and bad ones so you have to find the right one for you.  And this service will result in additional costs.

In summary, sourcing is not a one trick pony.  Alibaba may not have the best suppliers for your needs so it makes sense to plan a three-pronged attack: online, offline, and thinking outside the box.  Depending on your needs you should do an “80/20” to find the right formula on which channels to focus on for your sourcing.  Hope this was helpful. Please signup for my newsletter for a “deeper dive” into these topics.  Good luck!

How to reduce your risk when paying a Chinese supplier? Breakdown of payment methods: Paypal, Alibaba Escrow, Bank Wire Transfer “T/T” and best practices

So you’ve found the right supplier who has the product at the right place for you and you’re ready to click the “Pay Now” button.

Paybutton_107x26

But wait – you’re wondering should I use Paypal or Alibaba’s escrow service?  What’s this I hear about T/Ts and L/Cs?  What about Western Union?  Here is an overview of the common payment methods for small business importers and my recommendations.

80/20 rule:

For small volume importers the most commonly used payment methods are:

  • Paypal
  • Escrow “Alibaba Secure Payment”
  • Bank wire transfer or “T/T” – but be sure to negotiate the right payment terms

What NOT to use:

  • Western Union – Carries a high risk of getting scammed because it offers little protection
  • Letters of credit or “L/C’s – AVOID because they involve a lot of paperwork and bureaucracy which isn’t worth your time at this stage.

Paypal

Paypal is widely used around the world. It offers payment protection for buyers, is fast and easy to use.  So why not use this to pay all your Chinese suppliers?  First, Paypal is not widely accepted in China.  Alipay is the standard in China.  Second, though Paypal is free for buyers, sellers are charged fees for this and they will pass this on to you, the buyer.  So that means an additional 4% to 5% added to your order total.  Can you afford this?

Recommendation: Good for samples and small orders.  Also it’s a great way to reduce risk when placing with initial orders with new suppliers who you are still evaluating. But as orders grow larger and trust builds consider moving to bank transfers to reduce costs.

Pros:

  • Widely used around the world (though not popular in China)
  • Payment protection
  • Fast
  • Free for buyers
  • Flexible payment – Can pay using a credit card or by bank transfer

Cons:

  • Not widely accepted by suppliers in China
  • Added cost – Suppliers will typically add 4% to 5% to your total order value which you will typically pay for (whether you are aware of it or not)

Best practice: If you are considering Paypal, ask suppliers in the early negotiations stage (e.g. RFQ and follow up questions) whether they accept Paypal.  You don’t want to spend all your time negotiating only to find out at the last minute they don’t accept Paypal.

Escrow service: Alibaba secure payment

Alibaba besides having their trading platform also offers an escrow service called Alibaba Secure Payment (formerly “Alibaba Escrow”).  The main benefit to you the buyer is that they can hold the funds in escrow until you receive and approve the order.  In case of any problems you can file a dispute and Alibaba will mediate to help you get a refund.

As to whether you can get a complete refund depends on the circumstances.  In case of any quality disputes, Alibaba requires a 3rd party inspection which normally costs US$200-$300 to verify the problem.

Another downside is that it is limited to pre-approved suppliers on Alibaba only.  If you found your suppliers on Global Sources or at a trade show for example, they will not qualify unless they are a pre-approved Alibaba supplier.  In addition not all Alibaba suppliers are willing to accept this because Alibaba charges them a 5% fee for this service (which they will pass on to you) not to mention the additional work and risk for them.

Recommendation: Alipay secure payment is good for paying pre-approved Alibaba suppliers.  Like Paypal, I suggest you use this when paying for samples and small orders.  But do make a cost calculation to find out if it makes sense for you.

Pros

  • Reduces your risk – Alibaba will hold the payment until you receive your order and are satisfied
  • Easy to use if you’re sourcing using Alibaba – Integrates well with their system and no need to create a separate account with an escrow service elsewhere
  • Free for buyers
  • Flexible payment – Can pay using a credit card or by bank transfer

Cons:

  • Limited application – Can only be used with pre-approved suppliers on Alibaba
  • Not all suppliers qualify or will agree to this
  • You must make a full payment which ties up your cash flow
  • Added cost – While this is free for buyers, Alibaba charges suppliers 5% for this service and they will pass on the cost to you

Bank wire transfer or T/T

Many people are intimidated by bank transfers.  In fact this is the most common way of paying suppliers in my experience.  Wire transfers are widely used around the world.  Banks normally charge a fixed bank transfer fee of $30 to $50 depending on your bank.  Obviously this makes sense for larger orders.

Pros:

  • Widely accepted around the world
  • Fixed bank transfer fees which are good for larger orders
  • Costs normally between USD $30 to $50 per transfer depending on your bank
  • Can negotiate for payment terms for smaller deposit upfront and balance paid later – reduces risk and frees up cash flow

Cons

  • Cannot (easily) get your money bank
  • Must be careful with the fine print – any errors in the transfer details will cause tremendous delays
  • Slow – can take up to 5-7 business days

Recommendation: Take advantage of the low fixed costs and use T/Ts for for larger orders with trusted suppliers.

Best Practice: To reduce risk when paying new suppliers, negotiate payment terms so that you pay a proportion of the money upfront as a deposit and the remaining balance upon inspection or delivery.  This will incentivise the supplier to fix problems as they arise (Murphy’s Law).  For example 30% advance payment and 70% balance paid upon inspection and approval.

Here’s a quick comparison chart of Paypal, Alibaba Secure Payment, and Bank wire transfers (click to enlarge)

Payment methods spreadsheet

 

Remember Paypal for small orders, Alibaba Escrow for orders done on Alibaba so long you are OK with paying the 5%, and T/T when orders are ramping up but make sure to negotiate the right payment terms.  I will show you how to do this in a future article.  Please sign up to be invited to my free newsletter to get the article delivered to your inbox.

Case study:

Let’s say you have already placed a sample order and tested the product.  You’re ready to place your next order with a value of about $10,000.  If paying using Paypal it will incur about $400-500 worth of fees.   On the other hand if you use T/T  it will only cost you about $50 (depending on your bank) per transfer.  If you arrange payment terms of 30% advance and 70% upon shipment, it will still only cost about $100.  So it doesn’t take a genius which one makes more sense.

Which payment terms are you using and what problems are you facing?  I look forward to your comments below.

Please signup for my newsletter for a “deeper dive” into these topics.  Good luck!

How to find suppliers beyond Alibaba? PART TWO: Online Sourcing for Small Volume Orders

This post is a part of a series on “How to find suppliers beyond Alibaba”. (Part 1)

Before we dive into online sourcing, first you need to identify what type of supplier you’re looking for.  It’s like in dating – a gold digger (big supplier) isn’t gonna waste her time going out with a bootstrapped entrepreneur (testing the waters as a small volume buyer), get it?  You have to find a supplier that is right for your needs so we will be discussing Aliexpress and DHgate for small volume orders.

Before we do that, you need to identify your needs first: what kind of product you’re looking for, how much do you need to start off and in the future if your business explodes, your budget, and your timeline.  If a supplier makes the right product but has a minimum order quantity of 1,000pcs and you only need 5pcs, then obviously this is not going to work.

Gold diggers (large suppliers) don't want to deal with small volume buyers. Find the right fit using Aliexpress and DHgate to test the waters
Gold diggers (large suppliers) don’t want to deal with small volume buyers. Find the right match using Aliexpress and DHgate to test the waters

 

Best practice: I know it doesn’t sound sexy and you want to go straight in, but doing a little work upfront will save you a lot of time and headaches in the future. First put together a request for quotation (RFQ) and then select the right platforms to connect to the suppliers in your ballpark. If you have questions about RFQs, please leave them in the comments below.

Small volume orders

You might be thinking: why are these suppliers offering such low quantities?  It could be several reasons.  The factory could have leftover inventory from a previous order they want to liquidate.  Or they could have an order cancellation because of product quality problems or defects. Another possibility is they could be middlemen.

In any case if you’d like to start small to test the waters then try Aliexpress or DHgate.  Minimum order quantities (MOQs) can be as low as 1 piece.   In this case middlemen can actually work in your favor because they can offer lower MOQs than ordering from direct manufacturers.  Some suppliers offer free shipping as well so it’s relatively easy.

On the hand expect to pay a higher price, normally at least 30% more than ordering direct from a factory.  Prepare for a long wait because free shipping is normally by China Post and may take upwards of 30 days.  Also beware quality problems because there is a risk they are defective items.

Best practice: Instead of asking for a sample (not worth the cost for such a small order), ask for a photo of the actual product and packaging before placing an order so you can “see” if there are any problems.  Also ask if these products have any defects.  They may or may not tell you but it doesn’t hurt to ask!  If there are defects then try to negotiate a discount.

Aliexpress 

Aliexpress Grill Gloves SS
Grill gloves for sale on Aliexpress – MOQ is only 1 piece, but not cheap!

Think of this as an eBay with sellers from China shipping to buyers around the world.  They sell individual items and small wholesale lots.  This is good if you want to test the waters with a small order or to sell locally (e.g. Craigslist, swap meet, bricks and mortar store, etc).  I know some people who buy off Aliexpress to use for themselves as well.

Aliexpress if fine if you volume is small and if you’re just starting out.  I don’t recommend it if you want to build a scalable business because you likely are not dealing with the direct manufacturer but with a middle man who will not reveal the factory to you.  This means you won’t get the best price.  Another major disadvantage is that you are not building a relationship with the supplier.  This relationship is critical if you want to build a sustainable business.

Just as in dating as you get to know each other better you grow together to find out their strengths, weaknesses, likes and dislikes to find out if you’re compatible.  Similarly as you grow your business with the supplier you want to decide if you will invest in a long term relationship where you be able to negotiate lower pricing, better payment terms, smoother communication, etc.  In good scenarios you will continue dating.  In bad situations, such as poor quality products, missed deliveries, miscommunication, etc you can drop them.

Pros:

  • Find same products offered on Alibaba
  • Lower MOQs
  • Escrow service for added protection (but you will pay a few % more)

Cons:

  • Higher prices (at least 25% more)
  • Dealing with middlemen – higher prices, hidden factory, risk of disappearing overnight
  • Difficult to establish long term relationship with direct manufacturer
  • Beware defective and counterfeit products

DHgate

DHGate Grill gloves SS
Grill gloves for sale on DHgate. MOQ only 1pc, but not cheap!

DHgate is another online directory of suppliers that target small volume buyers.  The main advantage again is lower MOQs – as low as 1pc.  Users report that there are a larger variety of products on DHgate it can be a good resource to complement Aliexpress or for certain niche items.  They also offer an escrow service to protect you but this will cost you a few extra % points on top of the quotation.  Or it will already be embedded in the quotation.  This is common practice in China.

Pros

Cons

  • Higher prices (at least 25% more)
  • Dealing with middlemen – higher prices, hidden factory, risk of disappearing overnight
  • Difficult to establish long term relationship with direct manufacturer
  • Beware defective and counterfeit products

There are a few more minor players who I will not get into because I believe you can find 80% of the Chinese small volume sellers using just these two platforms mentioned above.  80/20 rule!

In the next article we will cover platforms for medium to large volume buyers.  Please signup to my newsletter to receive free updates.

Meanwhile have you’ve used Aliexpress or DHgate before?  Please share your success or horror stories below.

Please signup for my newsletter for a “deeper dive” into these topics.  Good luck!

Are you paying your Chinese suppliers too much? How to negotiate up to a 5% price cut from Chinese suppliers in one email – SCRIPT INCLUDED

You may think that the way to grow your business selling on Amazon or your own website is to sell MORE volume or RAISE your prices.  Think again.  Often overlooked, sourcing professionals know that PURCHASING is where the real money is made.  I.e. buying low.  

Long story short or the 80/20 as I like to call it, from August 2015 until now the RMB has depreciated 3-4% against the USD (this is a moving target so check your exchange rate).  So if you haven’t already, now is the time to renegotiate pricing with your suppliers to get the discount.  You can see this depreciation in the image below.

USD to CNY Exchange Rate Depreciation - Yahoo FinanceUSD to CNY Exchange Rate Depreciation – Yahoo Finance

Some background information: the exchange rate between RMB (aka CNY) and USD is controlled by the Chinese government.  They depreciated the RMB to boost the sluggish Chinese economy and export manufacturing sector.  Depending on the severity of the slowdown this depreciation may continue.

BEST PRACTICE: The big players like Walmart have already requested up to a 5.5% price cut with all their suppliers across the board.  Now is your chance to do the same to increase your margins and stay ahead of your competition.  Anytime there is a moderate depreciation like this is an opportunity to renegotiate pricing.  

Note: this works under the following conditions:

  1. The supplier’s previous price quotation was made before the devaluation in August 2015
  2. You already have an existing relationship with this supplier so they are motivated to do this
  3. How much you can get depends on your relationship with the supplier as well as your negotiation skills.  I was able to negotiate 2-3% with our suppliers.

My advice is to ask for 5% and see what they offer.  I’m curious to hear your results so let me know in your comments below how much you’re able to get.  Good luck!

If you would to get a free email script to negotiate the price cut, please signup for my free newsletter.

How do I access Google, Gmail, Facebook, Youtube, Twitter from China? VPN advice when traveling in China

So you’ve landed in Shenzhen and are ready for the Canton Fair.  But wait, why can’t I connect to Gmail?  I’m having problems connecting to Facebook.  I can’t watch Netflix or my Youtube videos!  Welcome to China my friend.  The Great Firewall means that many of your favorite sites cannot be accessed here.  Here’s the solution.

VPN
VPN

VPN – Virtual Private Network.  I won’t get into a detailed explanation how it works but the 80/20 is that you need one of these to access the sites mentioned above.  See my suggested VPNs below.  There is no one size fits all solution.  For example Astrill worked well for me several years ago but the local authorities are catching on and they are tinkering with the Great Firewall.  So VPN accessibility is becoming more shaky.  So that means you might be able to connect from your hotel but when you visit the factory, it may not connect on their network.  Or it may not work on your cell phone’s internet plan (China Mobile, China Unicom, etc).

Honestly there is no best solution and everyones needs are different.  I’ve included some paid VPN providers to get you started.  I would stay away from Free VPNs because there is too much traffic on them.  Even if there were to connect speeds would slow down to a crawl.  Note the links below may have affiliate links – in fact it’s win-win because both you and I can get a free month.

Best practice: The real pros in China signup for multiple VPNs.  Not cheap but you have a backup solution if your primary VPN isn’t connecting.

12VPN – Value solution and good for those who don’t use torrents (they don’t allow p2p or torrents).

ExpressVPN – Works for Google, Gmail, Facebook, and Torrents.  Youtube and Netflix videos can get painfully slow at times.  Sometimes it’s hard to connect.  Get a 30-day free trial here.

Astrill – I found it about the same as ExpressVPN.

Please signup for my newsletter for a “deeper dive” into China sourcing best practices.  Good luck!

How to find suppliers beyond Alibaba? Part One: “Yellow Pages”

iStock_000001814881_phone booksThink of Alibaba as the “Yellow Pages”

When you think of sourcing from China what’s the first thing that comes to mind?  Hopping on a plane and flying to Guangzhou to find a factory?  No, you go on Alibaba!  But can you really find the right supplier for you on Alibaba without getting scammed?  Or getting the wrong product?  Or deliveries getting delayed? Or getting shipped a container full of dirt?  You’ve heard the horror stories.

If you learn nothing else from this article, here’s the takeaway – Alibaba is an online directory just like the “yellow pages“.  In other words, it’s a listing of suppliers and you shouldn’t trust Alibaba to vet them for you.  Just like the yellow pages a supplier can pay for a bigger and nicer-looking ad.  This is exactly what “gold suppliers” are.  Alibaba does verify supplier information to a certain extent, but don’t naively believe that the “gold supplier” badge means they are a good supplier.  Many of them are in fact trading companies and middlemen and things can go wrong.

In my experience working with Chinese suppliers, I don’t trust anyone unless they prove themselves to me.  I’m not saying all suppliers are evil.  But they need to earn your trust through their actions.  Many suppliers with good intentions may have poor communication skills, misaligned quality expectations, dysfunctional teams, and other problems.  Having said that, there are the bad apples and I will share with you the common “dirty tricks” they play and what to look out for.  Think “guilty until proven innocent.”

On the other hand, if you are a multinational corporation like a Walmart, Target, or Carrefour you will have an entire supply chain department and sourcing team to vet suppliers and do the proper due diligence.  They may use Alibaba as part of their sourcing strategy but it definitely will not be the only method.

I’d like to show you ways to find suppliers beyond Alibaba to help grow your business. Here’s why:
1) Quality – Alibaba has a broad range of suppliers but there are a lot of middlemen, trading companies, and bad apples.  So you really have to sift through the mess to find the good ones.

2) Many quality suppliers are NOT on Alibaba – Do you honestly think that all Chinese suppliers are on Alibaba?  FALSE.  In fact, I have worked with numerous reliable suppliers who purposely choose NOT to be on Alibaba.  If you rely only on Alibaba then you will never find them.

You may be thinking why aren’t they on Alibaba – isn’t this the #1 marketplace?  True but the same low quality standard that you associate with suppliers on Alibaba, they associate with you the BUYER!  In fact it’s become so common and easy to use that there there are tons of looky-loos who “spray and pray”.  They blindly post requests for quotations (RFQs) to dozens if not hundreds of suppliers at once with no serious intention to buy.  They are just shopping around.  If you are the supplier, would you want to waste your time on them?  Of course not.  So many quality suppliers who want to deal with serious buyers do not bother with Alibaba.  There are other reasons as well such as language barriers, lack of resources, and different priorities but you get the picture.  Good luck trying to find Apple’s contract manufacturer Foxconn on Alibaba. Do you really believe XYZ trading company is selling real iPhone LCD screens? Get real!

Do you really believe XYZ trading company is selling authentic Iphone LCD screens?
Do you really believe XYZ trading company is selling real iPhone LCD screens? Get real!

3) Diversification – Your competitors are sourcing from Alibaba.  If you are sourcing from the same supplier how will you differentiate yourself?  Price?  I don’t know about you but anytime there is a price war I find it’s a race to bottom and there’s no money to be made.  The smart ones will find unique suppliers which deliver differentiated products at competitive prices.  So I will show you ways to find suppliers beyond Alibaba to differentiate your products from your competitors.

Now tell me why you are considering sourcing beyond Alibaba?  Welcome your comments below.

This series will be published in three parts: online, offline, and thinking outside the box.  If you want to have the articles sent FREE by email to you, please signup here.

I’m ready to place my order but wait… What is a Purchase Order (PO), why issue one, and how do I make one? Free PO template included

“Number one, cash is king… number two, communicate… number three, buy or bury the competition.”  

Jack Welch

The first thing everyone looks for when they source from China is price (cash is king) so they can crush their competition.  But often overlooked is communication.  In my experience this is critical to success when sourcing from China.  Not only are you a continent and many time zones away, but there are also the language and cultural barriers.  Moreover a “good quality” product is very subjective and it means different things to different people.  All of this increases the chances of misunderstandings, poor quality product, and breakdowns in your sourcing process.  

So after dozens of emails, Skype messages, calls, and sample review/approval, you found a good supplier with what seems like the right product at a great price.  You are ready to place an order.  But before you take that leap of faith and transfer your money, read this to learn how to protect yourself against future headaches and reduce the risk of misunderstandings.  This article will help you understand what is a purchase order, why should issue a PO, when to issue it, and how to make a purchase order.  

What is a purchase order (PO)?

A purchase order is a document issued by the buyer to the seller which indicates the product specifications, pricing, and terms.  In other words it is an offer in writing from the buyer to purchase from the seller.  If accepted by the seller, then it becomes a contract between the two parties.

A PO includes the following:

  • Buyer name and address:
  • Seller name and address:
  • Date:
  • Purchase order number:
  • Product description and specifications – Here you will indicate the product details such as measurements, color, weight, logo, packaging, and whatever else relevant to your product.
  • Depending on your product, it is good to include accepted tolerances.  For example an auto parts buyer may accept a size tolerance of +/- .03mm beyond specifications from the seller.  It would be nice to 100% perfect product but in the real world, no supplier is perfect so it’s good practice to indicate the accepted limits to be realistic and save headaches later.  This helps the seller plan production.  If the product is beyond this tolerance then it will be considered defective.  Also indicate your accepted defect rate.
  • Quantity
  • Price and Total Value: Unit price and total value normally in USD.
  • Incoterms – The accepted price as well as the incoterms.  For example commonly used ones are EXW factory, FOB Shanghai, DDP Los Angeles.  This is beyond the scope of this article but but you can find out more here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incoterms
  • Delivery Date – This is important to keep the factory on its toes.  Delays happen often.
  • Shipping Method – Air freight or Sea freight.  
  • Payment terms – For example 30% advance payment and 70% payment after inspection before shipment
  • Warranty and spare parts – Does the supplier offer any sort of guarantee against defects?  
  • Signature by authorized party

Why place a purchase order?

  • Clarification – Having the purchase terms in writing helps clarify the terms for both the buyer and seller. This is especially true when there are dozens of back and forth emails, calls, text messages, etc.  This reference point will decrease the risk of misunderstandings later.
  • Protection – In case of any later discrepancies, both parties will have this PO as a reference point.  For example, if it says in the PO that we agreed upon a 500mm x 1500mm glass tube while the product is 600mm x 1500mm.
  • Proper record keeping – for your accounting purposes.
  • It acts as a template for the invoice – After a PO is issued by the buyer and if they seller accepts, then the seller will issue you a invoice.  

When do you place a purchase order?

After the buyer feels satisfactory with a seller, their product, pricing, and terms the buyer will issue the PO to the seller for their acceptance.  If accepted, the seller will issue a Proforma Invoice that acts as a de facto contract to initiate the production process.  

How do you place a purchase order?  

Sign up to our 80/20 Sourcing newsletter to get my free PO template

Let me know if you have any questions. You can reach me at gary [at] 8020sourcing.com

 

Good luck,

Gary

How to source from Chinese suppliers and not get scammed – Best practices, Dirty Tricks, and Advice from an American Sourcing Professional in China

Evernote Camera Roll 20151106 181253My name is Gary and I’m an American based in Shanghai and have been sourcing from China since 2008.  I’ve sourced a variety of products for clients ranging from industrial products, solar energy products, exercise equipment, auto parts, and more.  I’ve worked with and visited hundreds of suppliers across China, big and small, and I’ve seen the good, the bad, and the ugly.

I’m offering general advice to help you not get scammed when sourcing from Chinese suppliers on Alibaba.  I assume you know the basics of using Alibaba so I’ve focused on the strategy encompassing the process from initial request for quotation to negotiating prices and terms, to requesting samples and evaluating the factory, to placing the initial order and arranging a production inspection.  Also included are some best practices to follow and dirty tricks to be aware of to help you save time and headaches later.

1) Product

Your goal is to make sure the supplier understands your product specifications and the level of quality.

Define the product that you’re looking for.  To save time from going back and forth with the supplier as well as to organise your thoughts, spend 15 minutes to put together a Request for Quotation (RFQ) that you will send to the prospective suppliers.  Here’s a template you can use:

Product Name – WIDGET ABC

Detailed Description

  – Exact Product Name

  – Size/Dimension

  – Material and Grade/Quality Standard (for example 316L Stainless Steel)

  – Application

  – Packaging/Packing

  – Any other special factors you care about

Quantity Required

Annual Purchase Volume (estimate is OK)

Target Unit price

Shipping Terms: FOB port (for sea freight) or EXW Factory (normally for air freight)

Destination Port

2) Evaluation

As you send the RFQ to suppliers and get their replies, you will evaluate them not just on price but also  responsiveness and service.  Think of it as a dating game – e.g. looks will be the first impression but are they down to earth, or flaky, or materialistic, etc?  Some factors to consider include:

-Are they responsive?

-Do they answer your specific questions or do they give a generic auto response?

-Do they provide actual product photos or are they copied from somewhere else?

Best practice: Call them over Skype to follow up.  Find out more about their company background, factory and production information, their main products, and export markets.  Some questions to ask include:

-Do they manufacture these products themselves or are they a trading company?

Trading companies are middlemen.  In the best case scenario they have better english skills and can make it easier to communication if you don’t speak Chinese.  Also they may (or may not) have access to better suppliers which you may not easily find on your own.  Also they may be able to negotiate lower minimum order quantities from the supplier because they have bulk purchasing power.  

However there are some downsides which include higher prices due to their margins, lack of transparency as they may not reveal the actual factory, and the risk of getting scammed since they can disappear overnight.  There are instances of unscrupulous suppliers shipping out a container of dirt.

Be aware that the supply chain varies by industry.  For example industrial product manufacturers typically purchase components and in fact only assemble them.  Unless you are dealing with a huge player, it’s rare to find a fully vertically integrated factory.  For instance, even Apple’s contract manufacturer Foxconn does not manufacturer all parts themselves.  They purchase from component suppliers – for instance displays from Japan Display Inc, chips from Broadcom and Qualcomm, batteries from LG, etc.

Also it’s common practice for factories to establish their own trading companies in order to export.  Do you homework and find out.  

-Which countries do they export to?  

This is very important because you want gauge the quality of their product to fit your customer’s’ needs.  For example Yiwu has a famous export mart.  The suppliers here offer mainly mediocre to low quality product.  They are usually the domestic market and will quote in RMB.  They may not have export licenses so you will need to either have to export yourself (documentation, arrange freight forwarder, customs clearance, etc) or go through a trading company.  If these suppliers do export, they mainly export to African and Middle Eastern countries who’s markets prioritize lower prices and LOWER QUALITY than factories that export primarily to North America and Europe.  If you are going to sell this product in the US or Western Europe this may not a good idea.  Don’t try to fit a square peg in a round hole.  You will bound to have struggles trying to sell product from a lower quality factory to a higher end market unless you are selling them to the 99cent only store.

3) Negotations

There a saying in Chinese: “??????” “Yi fen qian Yi fen huo” – You get what you pay for

In China you get what you pay for.  The cheapest product will be low quality.  This carries the most risk of suppliers cutting corners and using inferior product (or substitutes).  As you compare suppliers and quotations you will get a feel for the market price as well as the professionalism, responsiveness, production, and export capabilities of each supplier.  You should make a decision based on these variables as well as the X-factor which is your level of comfort and trust with the supplier.  Successful importers build long term relationships with their suppliers.  Think of it as a marriage where both parties are invested in each other.

???? “Huo bi san jia” – Compare at least 3 suppliers  

Depending on your time, budget, manpower, and requirements never just talk to one supplier.  Request quotations from at least 5-10 suppliers to get an idea about the pricing, compare specifications, factory sizes, and also get an idea of where the product production is clustered.  Large corporations have entire sourcing and procurement teams that audit hundreds of suppliers.  If you are serious about sourcing you must do your due diligence.  Front-load your work to reduce risks and headaches later.

Best practice: Have at least one backup supplier in case you run into problems with your primary supplier.  For example there will be delays.  This is virtually guaranteed to happen and you don’t want to lose business especially during your peak sales period.  

Volumes

Ask for quotation based on various levels.  For example you can request based on the following three quantities: Minimum order quantity (MOQ), your expected first order size, and the best case scenario if your sales are explode.

For example 50pcs, 500pcs, 5000pcs.  This way you can plan for an initial trial order and at the same time gauge the price spread as well as milestones to aim for to get better pricing.  This also shows the supplier that you are serious about doing business.  

4) Due Diligence – Online research

When reviewing pay attention to the supplier’s Product mix.  This will be a clue whether this product is their strength, an ancillary product, or even if they are a trading company.  

Is the product you’re looking for the primary product they offer?  If you are looking for speakers and you see them listing of 60 variations of an unrelated product iPhone cases then most likely they are a trading company getting it from somewhere else.

Factory information – Keep in mind that this is normally self-reported so take it with a grain of salt

Factory photos – Good for a general idea but don’t trust it 100%.  Copying and Photoshopping is all fair game here.

Contact information – Do they reply to emails?  Do their telephone numbers work?

Company registration/Business license, registered capital – this is nice to know but not a deal breaker in my opinion.

Certification: It’s common knowledge that in China many types of quality management certifications for example ISO-9001, is easily bought.  Despite Xi Jinping’s best efforts, corruption is still here.  So take these certificates with a grain of sale.  There’s a saying ????? ti?n g?o huáng dì yu?n which means the Sky is high and the emperor is far away.  This means that there are limits to the reach of the government.  

Gold supplier certification – This is purchased by the supplier and one of Alibaba’s revenue streams.  To be fair, Alibaba does attempt to verify the factory’s information but I wouldn’t rely on just that.  

Website – Don’t judge a book by its cover.  Even a college student can put together a good-looking website.  Trading companies are great at this.  On the other hand, many legitimate factories don’t even have a website nor are they found on Alibaba..  They may not even have a person that speaks English!  Take the website with a grain of salt and do your homework.

5) Samples

After you have a good feel for the supplier and have decided on an agreeable product specification and initial pricing now it’s time to request a sample.  Some people take a leap of faith and don’t request a sample before placing an order so it depends on your risk tolerance, time constraints, and budget.  

If you do decide to request a sample, you will need to workout the payment and shipping method.  Normally for a small and lightweight widget you can ask the supplier to ship it by Fedex or DHL for most countries.  For low value items, the supplier may even waive this cost and only charge you shipping.  

6) Receive sample, evaluate and modifications if needed.  If OK then proceed.

7) Purchase Order 

Place a purchase order to the seller to clarify the product specifications, quantities, price, and terms.

8) Payments

Payment terms:

When placing orders with a new supplier, never pay 100% upfront.  The only exception would be for small samples orders where the amount is not significant.

There is no industry standard but 30% advance payment and 70% due upon shipment after inspection is usually fair.  Some suppliers request 50% advance and 50% before shipment for initial orders.  You should negotiate better terms as you strengthen your relationship.  

Payment method:

Bank transfer is typical for large orders.  Paypal is also common especially for small orders and this would work for credit card holders.  In all my years I’ve never used Western Union.

Dirty trick: Make sure that the beneficiary’s name matches the registered company name.  If it does not that’s a definite red flag and many have been scammed this way where the money ends up in a 3rd party’s account.

 

9) Shipment

Quality Inspection – The factory informs you that your order is ready for delivery.  Do you trust them to ship?  This depends on your appetite for risk, the complexity of the product, and your relationship with the supplier.

 

For low value total orders, you can ask the supplier to send a self-inspection report with photos.  Of course you would indicate the inspection criteria and be as detailed as possible with measurements, pictures, and accepted quality levels (AQLs).  

For medium to larger-sized orders, I suggest hiring a 3rd party inspection agency.  Asia inspection is affordable and sufficient for most simple product inspections.  They start at $309 per man-day.  For inspections that require a higher degree of technical expertise you can consider larger inspection agencies such as Bureau Vertitas and SGS at a higher cost.  After the inspection and if the products pass inspection then you will pay the remaining balance and have them ship the product.  

Dirty trick: Corruption is very rampant in the quality inspection realm.  Kickbacks to inspection agents from suppliers are very common.  There’s a saying that many multinational firms have become too “localised”.

BONUS: Advanced tactics to test whether a supplier is an A-player, mediocre, or a scam:

  1. Request a sample – and evaluate the quality.  While you are doing this you will be benchmarking their responsiveness, attitude, and service.  Think of it as a first date.  How do they look?  How do they behave?  Are their values similar to yours?  If you’re serious about sourcing, look to build long term relationships.  This is win-win as forward thinking suppliers would rather invest in a reliable long term partner rather than have to constantly go fishing for new leads.  After reviewing the sample, give the supplier your feedback and corrective action plans and see how do they react?
  2. Factory Visit – If you are serious about doing business with this supplier I strongly recommend visiting the factory yourself or hiring someone to do so.  This is a chance to see how things work and how things are made, meet with management and begin to build a relationship, as well as see if things add up.This also shows that you are putting some skin in the game and are serious about doing business.  If you put yourself in the factory owner’s shoes, making the effort to visit the factory separates you from your competitors in that you are serious about doing business and not just window shopping for RFQs on Alibaba.  After the meeting if you can have lunch with the supplier definitely do so.  This is a chance to build “guan xi” e.g. building relationships and even friendship with the factory staff.  The Chinese are normally very friendly and will be curious to learn about you and your country.    But watch out for drinking and toasting though.  But that is beyond the scope of this article.

Red flags

  1. Factory does not manufacture the product you are looking for.  Sounds obvious but you hear excuses such as we had a large order of widget B so we don’t have any widget A on the assembly line.  But I can show you widget A in our showroom.  This doesn’t mean anything.  Dishonest suppliers will event take products from competitors, other client samples, or even buy them elsewhere and put them in their showroom claiming they made it.  If you visit the factory and don’t see the raw materials, equipment, and production to product widget A then don’t believe it.
  2. Is the factory busy, slow, or empty?  Unless you are in immediately before or after a major Chinese holiday (insert Chinese holiday calendar) an empty factory is not a good sign.  They may be in dire straits and have laid off their workers.  Or they may be new.  Or they may be shutting down.  Don’t expect them to seamlessly onramp after you place an order.  Also don’t bear the risk for their learning curve if they’ve never produced this product before.  Good factories have busy workers and a palpable buzz in the air.

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